![]() American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.īââth E, Frostegård Å, Díaz-Ravina M, Tunlid A (1998) Microbial community-based measurements to estimate heavy-metal effects in soil: the use of phospholipid fatty acid patterns and community tolerance. ![]() American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.ĪSTM (1998) Standard guide for conducting terrestrial plant toxicity tests. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.ĪSTM (1997) Standard guide for conducting laboratory soil toxicity or bioaccumulation tests with the lumbricid earthworm Eisenia fetida. Ecology 62:549–555.ĪSTM (1994) Standard practice for conducting early seedling growth tests. and Mesodiplogaster iherithieri on substrate utilization and nitrogen and phosphorous mineralization in soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 18:219–229.Īnderson RV, Coleman DC, Cole CV, Elliot ET (1981) Effect of the nematodes Acrobeloides spp. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 173–193.Īdema DMM, Henzen L (1989) Comparison of plant toxicities to some industrial chemicals in soil cultures and soiless cultures. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īber JD, Melillo JM (1991) Terrestrial Ecosystems. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. It is anticipated that ERA will be the main tool used by USDOE to make waste management and restoration decisions in these dry systems (McAllister et al. Department of Energy (USDOE) facilities showed that almost 90% of the land surveyed is characterized as arid and semiarid (McAllister et al. For example, a recent evaluation of ecological resources at major U.S. In the United States, many large federal facilities are located in arid and semiarid environments. However, roughly one-third of the earth’s land area is characterized by dry conditions. One key problem is that most toxicity bioassays have been developed for aquatic environments or mesic ecosystems. Arid and semiarid ecosystems present special challenges for application of risk assessment tools. This review considers ERA in the context of historical releases of chemical stressors in dry environments. ERA can evaluate historical releases or the potential impact of proposed facilities or new chemicals. Ecological risk assessment (ERA) is a tool used to estimate adverse effects on the environment from chemical or physical stressors.
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